Distinguished organization Essay

I have just received your letter awarding me the prestigious Harrison Bankers Club scholarship for this year. I was overwhelmed by the feeling of achievement and happiness, but I must confess, my feeling of deep gratitude for you took better of me. It was the bright Monday morning when I was seriously pondering over my future plans while skimming through the pages of Business Times. Suddenly my eyes were arrested by an advertisement for grant of scholarships by your company. I immediately consulted my father who spoke very high of your organization. I sincerely acknowledge your efforts for taking time to process my application and the wonderful experience I had during the interview. I was impressed by the transparent, methodical and comprehensive procedure undertaken by you to identify the most deserving candidate. Your staff was courteous, friendly and cooperative. What touched me most was your inspiring conversation and intelligent questions you asked. The whole process was a rich learning experience to me. I feel honored and find myself short of words to express my grateful thoughts for your kind approval. Though few and far between, God has placed people like you to make the earth a beautiful place. Your decision will serve in a long way in promoting the cause of research work I have been always been interested in. It was my long cherished dream to contribute to the fast expanding study of biotechnology, but honestly speaking, the financials constraints held me back. Now I consider it my foremost priority to ensure by all means that my work adds further value to your distinguished organization. I again thank you for your favorable consideration and remain grateful ever for the scholarship to help me advance the studies.

Merchant Banking Essay

A merchant banking is a financial institution primarily engaged in offering financial services and advice to company and wealthy individuals on how to use their money. A merchant bank deal with commercial banking needs of finance, company & long term loans and stock writing. Merchant banking does not have retail offices where customer can go and access their account. A merchant bank is also called as wholesale banking. OBJECTIVE Main objective of merchant banking is coordinating the activities like the bankers, advertising agency, printers and underwriters etc. Guide companies to get register there share under SEBI act.  The merchant banking determine the number of share, price of the stocks and the timing of the release of this new stock. They also provide services to the finance housing schemes for the construction of houses and buying of land. History and growth of Merchant Banking in India Before 1960s there was no merchant banking in India. This system started after 1960s. The Grind lay’s bank was the first bank which started merchant banking services. Grind lay’s bank is the largest foreign bank in the country. The main service offered by merchant banking includes the management of public issues and some aspects of financial consultancy. After this more banks took initiative of merchant banking services. Bank like Citibank came in 1970. Merchant banking with Citibank play role in new entrepreneur and evaluation of new project. Raising funds through equity took place. Management consultancy services were started. State bank of India started the merchant banking in 1972. Before 1972 state bank of India used to only provide funds. But after 1972 state bank of India started multi-tasking. Commercial banks which followed state bank of India were 1. Central bank in 1977. 2. Syndicate bank in 1977. 3. Standard chartered bank, mercantile bank and bank of Baroda in 1978. 4. United bank of India, Punjab national bank, canara bank, Indian overseas  bank in late 70’s and in early 80’s. Importance of Merchant Banking Need for Merchant Banking is felt in the wake of huge public savings lying untapped. Merchant bankers can play highly significant role in mobilizing funds of savers to investible channels assuring promising returns on investments and thus can assist in meeting the widening demand for inevitable funds for economic activity. With growth of merchant banking profession corporate enterprises are undertaking expansion, modernization, and diversification of the existing enterprises. This reinforces the need for a vigorous role to be played by merchant banking. Reasons why specialist merchant banks have crucial role to play in India 1) Growing industrialization and increase of technologically advanced industries. 2) Need for encouragement of small and medium industrialists, who require specialist services. 3) Growing complexity in rules and procedures of the government. 4) Need to develop backward areas and states which require different criteria. 5) Exploring the possibility of joint ventures abroad and foreign markets. 6) Promoting the role of New Market in mobilizing savings from the public. Functions performed under Merchant Banking The important functions of merchant bankers are: 1) Management of Debt and Equity Offerings: This forms the main function of the merchant banker. He assists the companies in raising funds from the market. The undergoing tasks include instrument designing, pricing the issue, registration of the offer document, underwriting support, marketing of the issue, allotment and refund and listing on stock exchanges. 2) Placement and Distribution: The merchant banker helps in distributing various securities like equity shares, debt instruments, mutual funds, insurance products, and commercial paper, to name a few. The distribution network of the merchant banker can be classified as institutional and retail in nature. The institutional network  consists of mutual funds, foreign institutional investors; private equity funds pension funds, financial institutions, etc. 3) Corporate Advisory Services: It denotes advice provided by a merchant banker to a corporate unit to ensure better corporate unit to ensure better corporate performance in terms of image building among investors, steady growth through good working, appreciation in market value of its equity shares. The counseling is limited to only opinions and suggestions and any detailed analysis would form part of a specific service 4) Project Advisory Services: Project counseling is a very important and lucrative merchant banking service. It covers development of an idea into a project, preparation of the project report , estimation of the cost of the project and deciding upon the means of financial and techno-economic appraisal of projects for capital issue/financing etc. The fee charged for project report preparation / appraisal ranges between 0.25% to 2% of the total project cost. The fee charged depends upon- a)Total size of the project b)The total complexity of the project 5) Loan Syndication: Merchant bankers arrange to tie up loans for their clients. This takes place in a series of steps. Firstly, they analyze the pattern of the client’s cash flows, based on which the terms of the borrowings can be defined. Then the merchant banker prepares a detailed loan memorandum, which is circulated to various banks and financial institutions and they are invited to participate in the syndicate. The banks then negotiate the terms of lending on the basis of which the final allocation is done. 6) Providing Venture Capital Financing: Merchant bankers help companies in obtaining venture capital financing for financing their new and innovative strategies. 7) Management of Capital Issues: a) Pre-issue Management: Steps required to be taken to manage Pre-issue activity are as follows: 1) Obtaining stock exchange approvals tomemorandum and articles of association. 2) Taking action as per SEBI guidelines. 3) Finalising the appointments of the following agencies – Co managers /advisors to the issue. Underwriters to the issue. Brokers to the issue. Bnakers to the issue and refund banker. Advertising agency. Printers and registrars to the issue. 4) Advise the company to appoint auditors, legal advisers and broad base Board of Directors. 5) Drafting the prospectus. 6) Obtaining approvals of draft prospectus from the company’s legal advisors, underwriting financial institutions/banks. 7) Obtaining consent from parties and agencies acting for the issue to be enclosed with the prospectus. 8) Approval of prospectus from Securities and exchange Board Of India(Sebi). 9) Filing of the prospectus with registrar of companies (Roc) 10) Making an application for enlistment with Stock Exchange along with copy of the prospectus. 11) Publicity of the issue with advertisement and conferences 12) Open subscription list. B) Post Issue Management: Steps involved: 1) To verify and confirm that the issue is subscribed to the extent of 90% including development from underwriters in case of subscription. 2) To supervise and co-ordinate the allotment procedures of registrar to the issue  as per prescribed Stock Exchange guidelines. 3) 3)To ensure issue of refund order , allotment letters/certificates within the prescribed time limit of 10 weeks after the closure of subscription list 4) To report periodically to SEBI about the progress in the matters related to allotment and refunds. 5) To ensure the listing of securities at a stock exchanges. 6) To attend the investors for managers regarding the public issue. 7) The merchant bankers managing public issue can negotiate fee subject to a ceiling .This fee is to be shared by all lead managers, advisers etc. Registration with SEBI as Merchant Banker Merchant banks are generally setup as subsidiary companies of banks. For e.g.: SBI caps, ICICI securities etc. Once the feasibility studies are undertaken and it comes out to be viable then the following steps are undertaken for registration with SEBI: Application for grant of certificate: An application for grant of certificate is required to be made with SEBI as without holding the certificate no person can act as a merchant banker. The application can be made in one of the following categories: 1. Category 1: To carry out any activity of issue management which includes preparation of prospectus and other information relating to issue, determining financial structure, tie up of financers and financial allotment, and refund of the subscription. Another activity that pertains to this category is of advisor, consultant manager, underwriter, portfolio manager. 2. Category 2: To act as advisor. Consultant, co manager, underwriter and portfolio manager. 3. Category 3: To act as underwriter, advisor, and consultant to an issue. 4. Category 4: To act only as advisor and consultant to an issue. To carry on the activity of underwriter and portfolio manager, a separate certificate of registration needs to be obtained from SEBI. Furnishing of information, clarification, and personal representation: The applicant may need to provide further information or clarification regarding matters related to activity of merchant banker. Consideration of application: Before granting the certificate, the Board shall take into account that the  applicant complies with the following requirement 1. The applicant shall be a body corporate other than a non banking financial company. 2. The merchant banker who has been granted the certificate by RBI to act as primary dealer shall carry on such activity with the condition that it should not accept or hold any public deposit. 3. The applicant should have necessary infrastructure to carry on his activities. 4. The applicant should employ atleast two persons who have the experience to conduct the business of merchant banker. 5. The applicant should fulfill the capital adequacy requirement as follows: The capital adequacy requirement should not be less than the net worth of the applicant. The net worth shall be as follows Category 1: 5 crores Category 2: 50 lacs Category 3: 20 lacs Category 4: Nil 6. The applicant or any of his associate should be free of any legal charges, should not have been convicted for any offence and not found guilty of any economic offence. 7. The applicant should possess professional qualification from any recognized govt. institute in finance law or business management. Procedure for registration: The SEBI on being satisfied with the eligibility of the applicant shall grant him a certificate . Payment of fees: The applicant has to pay Rs. 5 lacs within 15 days of date of receipt of intimation regarding grant of certificate. If the merchant banker fails to pay the required fee, the Board may suspend the registration and applicant may cease to carry on activity as merchant banker for the period during which the subscription subsists. The merchant banker may commence on the business as merchant banker on the acquisition of Certificate of Registration from SEBI after the completion of above mentioned formalities. Procedure for Inspection: Board’s Right to inspect The Board may appoint one or more persons as inspecting authority to undertake inspection of the books of accounts, records and documents of the merchant banker for any of the purposes specified in sub-regulation (2). Notice before inspection: Before undertaking an inspection, the Board shall give a reasonable notice to the merchant banker for that purpose. Where the Board is satisfied that in the interest of the investors no such notice should be given, it may inspect without prior notice. During the course of inspection, the merchant banker against whom an inspection is being carried out shall be bound to discharge his obligations. Obligations of Merchant Banker on Inspection: It shall be the duty of every director, proprietor, partner, officer and employee of the merchant banker, who is being inspected, to produce to the inspecting authority such books, accounts and other documents in his custody or control and furnish him with the statements and information relating to his activities as a merchant banker within such time as the inspecting authority may require. The merchant banker shall allow the inspecting authority to have reasonable access to the premises occupied by such merchant banker or by any other person on his behalf and also extend reasonable facility for examining any books, records, documents and computer data in the possession of the merchant banker or any such other person and also provide copies of documents or other materials which, in the opinion of the inspecting authority are relevant for the purposes of the inspection. The inspecting authority, in the course of inspection, shall be entitled to examine or record statements of any principal officer, director, partner, proprietor and employee of the merchant banker. It shall be the duty of every director, proprietor, partner, officer or employee of the merchant banker to give to the inspecting authority all assistance in connection with the inspection which the merchant banker may be reasonably expected to give. Submission of Report to the Board: The inspecting authority shall, as soon as possible submit, an inspection report to the Board. Action on Inspection or Investigation Report: The Board of the Chairman shall after consideration of inspection or investigation report take such action. Appointment of Auditor: The Board may appoint a qualified auditor to investigate into the books of account or the affairs of the merchant banker. Communication of findings: The Board shall after consideration of the inspection report communicate the  findings to the merchant banker to give him an opportunity of being heard before any action is taken by the Board on the findings of the inspecting authority. On receipt of the explanation if any, from the merchant banker, the Board may call upon the merchant banker to take such measures as the Board may deem fit in the interest of the securities market and for due compliance with provisions of the Act, rules and regulations. Guidelines of SEBI The SEBI has issued guidelines for the issue of capital by companies. The guidelines mainly cover the requirement for the first issue by a new or existing company. The guidelines issued by SEBI are mentioned below: If any company’s other income exceeds 10% of the total income, the details should be disclosed. The company should disclose any adverse situation which affects the operations of the company. The company should also disclose the capacity utilization of plant for the last 3 years. The promoters must maintain their holding at least 20% of the expanded capital. The minimum application money payable at the time of issue should not be less than 25% of the issue price. The company should disclose the time normally taken for the disposal of investor’s grievances. The company can make firm allotments in public issues as follows: 1. Indian Mutual funds (20%) 2. FII’s (24%) 3. Regular employees of the company (10%) 4. Financial institution (20%) The company should disclose the safety net scheme or buy back arrangements of the shares proposed in public issue. In case of public issues, atleast 30 mandatory collection centres should be established. In the guidelines regarding right issue, the company should give advertisements in not more than 2 newspapers about the dispatch of letter of offers. No preferential allotment to be made along then rights issue. The company should disclose the free agreement between the lead managers and the company in the memorandum of understanding. Difference between Merchant Banking and Commercial Banking MERCHANT BANKING COMMERCIAL BANKING Merchant banking deals with equity and equity related finance. Merchant banks are management oriented. Merchant banks willing to accept risks of business. The activities of merchant banks include project counseling in area of capital restructuring, mergers, amalgamations e.t.c. Commercial banking deals with debt and debt related finance. Commercial banks are asset oriented. Commercial banks generally avoid risks of business. Commercial bankers are merely financiers. Difference between Merchant Banking and Investment Banking MERCHANT BANKING INVESTMENT BANKING Merchant banking is purely fee based. Merchant banking are impossible to stay aloof from international trends. Merchant banks expands into the field of securities, underwriting Merchant banking primarily perform international financing activities such as 1. Foreign corporate investing 2. Foreign real estate investment. 3. Trade finance and inter transaction facilitation. Merchant banks tends to operate on small scale companies and offer creative equity financing ,and numbers of corporate credit products. Investment banking is both fee based and fund based. Investment banking commits their own funds. Investment banks trade finance activities. Investing banking facilitate mergers and acquisitions through share sales and provide research and financial consulting to companies. It focuses on IPO’s and large public and private share offering. While investment banks tends to  focus on large companies. Recent developments in Merchant Banking The recent developments in merchant banking are due to certain contributory factors in India are : The merchant banking was at its best during 1985-1992 when there were many new issues . It was expected that 2010 going to be good time for merchant banks , as many new issues are coming up . The foreign investors- both in the form of portfolio investment and through foreign direct investments are venturing in Indian Economy. It is increasing the scope of merchant bankers in many ways. Disinvestments in the government sector in the country give a big scope to the merchant bankers to function as consultants. Introducing of new financial instruments in the market has increased the opportunity for the merchant banks. The merger and corporate restructuring along with MOU and MOA are giving immense opportunities to the merchant bankers for consultancy jobs. Challenges faced by Merchant Banker in India SEBI guideline has restricted their operations to Issue Management and Portfolio .Management to some extent due to which the scope of work is limited. The net worth requirement is very high in categories I and II specially so many professionally experienced person/organizations cannot come into the picture. Poor New issues market in India is drying up the business of the merchant bankers. Scope for Merchant Banking 1. Growth of primary market: if the primary market grows and issues increases, the scope of merchant banking will be enhanced. 2. Entry of foreign investment: now India capital market directly taps foreign capital through euro issues.FDI is increased in capital market .so merchant bankers is required to advice them for their investment in India. The increasing number of joint ventures also requires expert services of merchant bankers. if more and more NRI’s participate in capital market ,there will be great demand for merchant banker services. 3. Changing policy of financial institutions: now the lending prices of financial institutions are based on project orientation, so the merchant banker services will be needed by corporate enterprise to provide expert guidance. 4. Development of debt markets: if the debt market is enhanced, there will be tremendous scope for merchant bankers, now NSE and OTCEI are planned to raise funds through their debt instruments. 5. Corporate restructuring: due to liberalization and globalization companies are facing lot of competitions .In order to compete, they have to restructuring, merger, acquisitions or disinvestments. They offer good opportunities to merchant bankers.

The cause and effect of the first crusade - 2351 Words

An Examination of the Causes and Success of The First CrusadeReligion has served mankind for thousands of years in our search for meaning and direction. Religion serves as a way of defining our lives and providing a sense of meaning or direction, having done so since the beginning of time. While religion may appear to be a peaceful endeavor, it is an endless source of violence and bloodshed. The duality of religion is accurately portrayed in the Christian crusades. The crusades of the late antiquity exemplified this duality of religion and the horror religion can bring. Thousands upon thousands fought and died, not for king or country, but under God. The kingdoms of Christendom united under the common goal of retaking the holy land and†¦show more content†¦This quote outlines a concern not only with the violence afflicting Christian nations but the increase in population as well as the lack of land. Europe was described almost as a confinement surrounded by mountain peaks to which the solution to their problem cannot be found. Since the only land available was in possession of other Christian nations, it was impossible to maintain peace. Thus the solution, since land and wealth would ultimately lead to European conflict; a war against an alien enemy seemed a logical conclusion. Through the excuse of foreign aid, Christendom could extend both its wealth and land without civil war at the expense of Muslims . This the Redeemer of the human race has made illustrious by His advent, has beautified by residence, has consecrated by suffering, has redeemed by death, has glorified by burial. This royal city, therefore, situated at the center of the world, is now held captive by His enemies, and is in subjection to those who do not know God†¦She seeks therefore and desires to be liberated, and does not cease to implore you to come to her aid†¦ God has conferred upon you above all nations great glory in arms. Accordingly undertake this journey for the remission of your sins, with the assurance of the imperishable glory of the kingdom of heaven. This excerpt from Clermont shows the attempt by Urban to enact a sense of religious obligation amongst his council. Jerusalem, theShow MoreRelatedCauses And Effects Of The First Crusade2001 Words   |  9 Pagesnotable, historical crusade has done this and has succeeded, but at a price. There hasn’t been a movement more momentous than the First Crusade. The First Crusade was a pilgrimage turned military expedition to Jerusalem that was sponsored by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clement in November 1095 in the aspiration to set out from the west to the recover the holy city from the hands of the Muslims. The aim of this paper is to examine the causes and effects of the First Crusade. The focus willRead More History Essay1735 Words   |  7 Pagescreated manors. The serfs had originally paid allegiance to the lords as they protected them and gathered land and wealth. One short-term effect of manorialism was that it gave the peasants who worked the field better working conditions than the slaves had received in earlier Roman estates. The serfs had more control over their lives. Some of the long-term effects of manorialism were an increase in the quality of all living conditions, chivalry, and better treatment of women. As farming conditionsRead MoreThe Crusades And Its Effects On History1307 Words   |  6 Pagesmedieval battles are known to history as the Crusades. These crusades were each led by different people. The eight Crusades occurred from 1095-1270. The first Crusade being in 1095-1101, the second from 1145-1147, the third from 1188-1192, the fourth in 1204, the fifth in 1217, sixth from 1228-1229, the seventh from 1249-1252, and eighth in 1270. There may have been a 9th crusade, which may have occurred before the 3rd Crusade. The cause of these crusades is to attack the enemies of the church andRead MoreA Brief Examination of the Crusades706 Words   |  3 PagesA Brief Examination of the Crusades A Brief Examination of the Crusades The First Crusade took place from 1096 1099. The First Crusade was a great surprise to both the Christians and the Muslims, the two opposing parties of the Crusades. The victory of the First Crusade went to the Christians. The Crusades were a series of nine wars waged during the Middle Ages between Christians and Muslims. The wars were waged between the 11th and 13th centuries specifically. In 1071, the Muslim Turkish armiesRead MoreEffects Of The Crusades On Western Civilizations915 Words   |  4 PagesConsequences of the Crusades The crusades were a series of religious wars that though they took place centuries ago, they are still often discussed today. The crusades were a religious war between the Christian and Muslim states that lasted years. â€Å"The Byzantine Empire, which had thrived spread over the coastal areas of the Mediterranean†¦now found itself increasingly challenged by the navies and pirates of Isla. The contest between these two sides were to generate seeds of the first Crusade† (Paine 8-9)Read More The Crusades Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesThe Crusades The Crusades were Christian military expeditions undertaken between the 11th and the 14th century to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims. â€Å"The word crusade, which is derived from the Latin crux (cross), is a reference to the biblical restriction that Christians carry their cross.†1 Crusaders wore a red cloth, cross sewn on their tunics to indicate that they had assumed the cross and were soldiers of Christ. What were the real causes of the crusades and how did all of it finallyRead MoreKnights Templar : Facts And Causes Of The Crusades1078 Words   |  5 Pages1. Q: When, where, why and how did the crusades begin? A: The Crusades were a series of violent and deadly wars.The Crusades occurred between 1096 and 1291, in parts of Europe to the eastern coast of the Mediterranean. The Crusades were a series of eight military and religious wars that were fought mainly over the control for the Holy Land. The Crusades were fought between the Christians and Muslims. The Crusades was one of the causes of the famous organization known as the Knight’s Templar beingRead MoreEssay on Crusading Movement1530 Words   |  7 Pages The Crusades were military expeditions undertaken by Christian Europe between the 11th and the 17th century to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims. The main crusading movement took place between the 11th and 13th century. The word crusade, which is derived from the Latin Crux was adopted by crusaders who adorned themselves with the symbol of Christianity: the cross.1 Crusaders wore a red cross sewn on their tunics to indicate their status as soldiers of Christ. The causes of the CrusadesRead MoreThe Crusades : Campaigns That Changed The World1738 Words   |  7 PagesJared Spoonhour Mrs. Fegan Human Rights Literature 18 November 2015 The Crusades: Campaigns that Changed the World The Middle East has been afflicted by major religious wars and strife for thousands of years. For nearly a millennium, pilgrims from Europe had been persecuted by the Muslim rulers while on their way to the holy Christian city of Jerusalem in order to make atonement for their sins. The tense struggle for ownership of the city of Jerusalem between Muslims and Christians nearly a thousandRead MoreEssay on Crusades1261 Words   |  6 PagesIn 109 The First Crusade was launched by Christians with the support of the Roman Catholic Church in hopes of recapturing Jerusalem from the Muslims. The Crusades arose out of feudal society in the eleventh century, offering crusaders freedom adventure and a possible economic gain. Pope Urban II gave a speech to the church leaders and nobles in France, telling them to rescue their fellow Christians from the Muslims. He promised them everlasting life in heaven if they went. The Crusades weren’t started

Find Online Law and Social Science Degree Programs 2019

Online schools provide extensive educational opportunities in the criminal justice field. Depending on what your specialization is, the levels of study range from certification to PhD. There will always be career opportunities in the criminal justice field because of the growing numbers of criminals entering the system and also because of the rise of specializations within this field. Enrolling in online criminal justice courses or law enforcement training results in learning your law enforcement certification, which is the first important step to take in this field. These programs allow you to choose whether you want to be certified for the corrections, or private security field. Corrections no longer means working as a prison guard, theres more to it today, as well as more educational opportunities for training in this field. You can obtain an associates, bachelors or masters degree in corrections through distance learning. These online courses allow you to earn a degree and work a s a security officer, as a corrections administrator or as a departmental manager at the state or federal level. .u3bebb6cc80800cd2a27f0d3597053a32 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u3bebb6cc80800cd2a27f0d3597053a32:active, .u3bebb6cc80800cd2a27f0d3597053a32:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u3bebb6cc80800cd2a27f0d3597053a32 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u3bebb6cc80800cd2a27f0d3597053a32 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u3bebb6cc80800cd2a27f0d3597053a32 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u3bebb6cc80800cd2a27f0d3597053a32:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ How Email Can Ruin Your Job Search There are also criminal justice degrees online and online law enforcement schools. Today, some police departments require that police officer recruits have bachelors degrees. Others are merely looking for some higher education with some type of specialization in the criminal justice field, which you can obtain in a distance learning program. Additional training in the classroom is essential for most law enforcement officers who want to move up in rank. Online schools are perfect for the working police officer who needs to study in order to prepare for the civil service exam for the next level up in rank. Search our index of hundreds of Online Law and Social Science Degree Programs offered by Accredited Colleges, Universities and Schools. Related ArticlesImprove Your Life and the World With a Masters Degree In Criminal JusticeOnline Criminal Justice Program Practice Law Enforcement for the Courts as a BailiffPrepare for Leadership Positions with a Criminal Justice Administration ProgramHelping the Nation With an Online Associates in Criminal JusticeFind Law, Criminal Justice, Social Science Degree ProgramsCareer Opportunities With a Criminal Justice Degree .u7936cac565256ac4d4043b028d52222e { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u7936cac565256ac4d4043b028d52222e:active, .u7936cac565256ac4d4043b028d52222e:hover { opacity: 1; transition : opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u7936cac565256ac4d4043b028d52222e { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u7936cac565256ac4d4043b028d52222e .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u7936cac565256ac4d4043b028d52222e .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u7936cac565256ac4d4043b028d52222e:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Bachelor Criminal Justice Degree Benefits and Rewards of a Crime Scene Investigation Emphasis

Essay Cardiovascular Disease - 1698 Words

Imagine what it would be like to have just started your senior year of high school and be involved in softball, basketball, and numerous other activities and organizations, and find out that your dad has to have a quadruple bypass surgery and won’t be able to attend any of your games, which will keep most of your family members from being able to as well because they are trying to take care of him. That was the reality for my best friend, Kathy Jo, last year. Cardiovascular disease does run in their family, so his diagnosis was understandable, but still came as a shock because he was so young and fit. Her dad is fine now and by the end of the year was well enough to go and support her in the last months of her senior year, but in the†¦show more content†¦Women, the elderly, and diabetics sometimes feel more or less pain but often feel more fatigued, weaker, and have trouble catching their breath (Wedro). There are several ways to test for heart disease that range f rom simple to more complex. Upon visiting the doctor he/she may check a person’s heart rate, heartbeat, blood pressure, give them a physical exam, and/or run tests for more accurate results. Heart rate is tested by checking the pulse and the purpose is to test the rhythm and regularity of the heart, whereas listening to the heartbeat with a stethoscope allows the doctor to evaluate the valve function (Bryg). Blood pressure is basically how hard the blood is pumped through the arteries by the heart. It is measured in two parts and is written as a fraction; for example, 120/80 is considered the normal reading. Systolic pressure, which is the pressure when the heart beats and is the higher number in the fraction, is one measurement, and diastolic pressure, the pressure when the heart is relaxed and is the lower number in the fraction, is the other measurement (Donatelle). Other forms of checking for CVD are simply running a few tests. Among the most common tests that doct ors use are electrocardiograms (ECG or EKG),Show MoreRelatedCardiovascular Disease Essay1716 Words   |  7 PagesIn todays world, there is a rise in the US population adopting unhealthy lifestyles that lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD).1, 2 Stroke and coronary heart disease are the two leading health conditions and leading cause of death in established countries. However, these two types of cardiovascular disease have identifiable risk factors that can be modified to reduce the risk of developing CVD.3 Additionally, due to an increase in the prevalence of obesity, primary prevention for CVD is catchingRead MoreThe Occurrence Of Cardiovascular Disease Essay2112 Words   |  9 PagesOccurrence of Cardiovascular Disease Vital signs are an important measurement for a general assessment of a patient’s overall cardiovascular risk. The use of vitals signs should be regularly incorporated in the practice of physical therapy like other settings of the health care as a pre-screening measure. Vital sign assessment provides invaluable information to determine if the patient’s health is appropriate for physical activity or if the patient needs to be further assessed for cardiovascular healthRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Cardiovascular Disease1247 Words   |  5 PagesStates suffer from some form of cardiovascular disease and almost eight million people die each and every year from it(Meyers). This realization is incredibly disheartening. Cardiovascular disease includes conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain or stroke. Other heart conditions, such as those that affect your heart s muscle, valves or rhythm are also considered fo rms of heart disease. The threat of heart disease in America is rising day byRead MoreEssay on Nutrition Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease1536 Words   |  7 PagesNutrition Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease It is imperative as a nurse to develop an understanding that caring for a patient goes beyond the physical care given and it includes a holistic aspect: caring for the body, mind and soul. This holistic approach can be applied when assessing patients’ nutritional status and helping them implement healthy life choices, while living with a disease and possibly the comorbidities caused by the disease. Specifically, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the comorbiditiesRead MoreCardiovascular Disease Is The Number One Killer1696 Words   |  7 PagesCardiovascular disease is the number one killer in the United States, causing about 610,000 deaths yearly (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). 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Tort of Negligence Legal Issue- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theTort of Negligence for Legal Issue. Answer: The Legal Issue in the Present Case On the basis of the available data in the case of Brett and Annie it puts forward the fact that Brett was employed at the Tavern. Annie who used to like Brett, decided to have her birthday party at the Tavern. On the day of her birthday party, he was the manager on duty. On the particular day, he was informed by David, a glassie of in the organization, that someone has been ill near the main door, where, according to Davids description awful mess had occurred. Brett decided to check it, but where Candice whom he used to like, came to order to the bar, he forgot to check the problem near the main door. At the end of the night, with the motive to gain the attention of Brett when Annie turned to wave him goodbye, she slipped on the mess and got injured. On the basis of the above discussed facts associated with case, Annie as the plaintiff can take legal actions against Brett [the defendant] under Tort of Negligence. In this context it is mentionable here that tort is considered as civil wrong, which do not arise due to breach of contract, wherein the legal remedy comes under common law action associated with damage[1]. The source of origin of the concept of tort is deliberate or intentional conduct of an individual as a result of which property or personal rights of another individual gets infringed. However, in the case of Brett, Annie can take legal actions under tort of negligence which deals with legal consequence of careless or unintentional conduct. The reason being it is the negligent conduct on the part of Brett which resulted in the occurrence of the injury experienced by Annie. Under tort of negligence, the action which can be taken on the part of Annie includes claiming for compensation due to the damages experienced on her part which was due to the careless action of Brett[2]. In the particular case, the action required to be taken on the part of Annie under tort of negligence also includes referring to the concept of negligence which includes both the legal action taken and the defendants conduct which is claimed to cause the injury on the part of the plaintiff. Hence, applying the concept of negligence in Bretts case, it would refer to the legal action taken on the part Annie and the careless conduct on the part of Brett that resulted in the damage on the part of Annie. In cases of tort of negligence, burden of proof plays an integral role. To get in depth of the matter, following the presentation of the plaintiffs case with the help of arguing the proof of the three elements associated with the cases of tort of negligence which includes duty of care, breaching of the duty of care and damage, the burden of proof passes on to the defendant for the purpose of proving and raising any defenses[3]. In this process contributory negligence and voluntary assumption of risk is essential. Thus on the basis of the above mentioned aspect, once Annie as the plaintiff has presented her case with the help of arguing her proof on the basis of duty of care, breached duty of care and damage, the burden of proof passes would pass on to Brett. The standard of proof, i.e. the elements which are required to be established in tort of negligence cases for winning the conviction on the part of Annie are the individual causing injury i.e. Brett [defendant] owned duty of care to the plaintiff i.e. the injured person[4]. Annie is also required to establish that the beach of duty has been performed by the defendant, which is Brett in this case. It is also essential to establish in case of Brett that breach of duty on the part of defendant i.e. Brett resulted the injury to Annie, as a result of which Annie had to suffer from injuries. In case of tort of negligence, the legal actions which required proof of three legal elements required to be established on the part of the plaintiff i.e. Annie includes duty of care, breached duty of care and damage. Analysis of Application of Tort of Negligence and its Interpretation to the Facts of the Question In the above made discussion the three elements requiring proof has already been established which includes duty of care, breached duty of care and damage. Duty of care is one of the major elements which have been dealt under Civil Liability Act 2003[5]. In this context it has been stated under Duty of Care that, not every incident of careless behavior will result to an action associated with negligence. It has been further stated under the aspect of duty of care that acts which are considered as morally incorrect are not always legal wrong. With the help of help of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 a distinction between the both the concepts has been made by Lord Atkin. Furthermore with the help of this case the concept of neighbor principle has also been established which further broadens the arena of functioning of duty of care which was previously restricted to the defendant who would have owed a duty of care from the defendant that is required to be legally recognized when the incident of careless act occurred. In such cases the duty of care made the defendant duty to avoid injury to the plain. However with the help of neighbor principle, it is the responsibility to care to avoid injure of the neighbor which is foreseen in nature[6]. If this concept is applied in this case, it can be noticed that the injury experienced on the part Annie was reasonable foreseen in nature on the part of Brett who was within reasonable foresight on the part of Brett who had a duty to take care of the visitors the negligence of which resulted in the loss on the part of Annie. In the aspect of Duty of care, test of reasonable foreseeability is essential wherein it is required to look into whether failure on the part of defendant to take reasonable care is associated with foreseen harm to the plaintiff[7]. In the case of Brett it is noticeable that, it was considerably predictable that failure to perform the duty or to be specific to deal with the mess at the main door would result to the injury on the part of the visitors like Annie. Hence, in this case the impact of breach of duty of care on the part of Brett due to which Annie had to face injury can be stated as reasonably foreseen in nature. In the particular case establishing Breach of the Duty of Care is also another essential element which Annie as the plain is required to establish. To get in depth of the matter, under Civil Liability Act 2003 the aspect of breach of care has been dealt with. It has been stated under the aspect of breach of duty of care it has been stated that a defendant i.e. Brett will only be held responsible for the irresponsible conduct under Breach of Duty of Care if it fails in legally stated standard. The standard as stated in this case is objective in nature. The standard in this case refers to standard of a rational individual in the same situation. In this context Wyong Shire Council v Shirt (1980) 146 CLR 40, case is mentionable in which whether duty of care has been breached, the way in which it will be determined has been stated[8]. In the case it was stated that in order to establish breach of duty of care it is required to stated that any rational individual in the same situation fore seen that such a behavior would have resulted in the injury. In this context it is mentionable here that the careless act performed on the part of Brett and the impact faced on the part of Annie was foreseen in nature establishing the breach of duty of care on the part of Brett. In case of Brett if test of breach of the duty is implemented it can be observed that it was foreseen risk, which was not insignificant in nature and ration person in such cases would have taken precaution further establishes the breach of duty of care on the part of Brett[9]. The final element which is required to be established on the part of Annie as the plaintiff is damage. In any case of tort of negligence establishment of damage is essential. It is essential on the part of plaintiff to establish a causal link between the damage and the negligence on the part of the defendant due to which the plaintiff suffered the loss[10]. It is also essential on the part of the plaintiff i.e. Annie to prove that the damage experienced on her part was not remote in nature. In this context if the case of Brett is referred it can be stated that it is clearly noticed that the injury experienced on the part of Annie has direct consequential link with the negligent act on the part Brett wherein he is seen to have completely forgot to deal with the issue of main door wherein it is not remote in nature. Hence, on the basis of this aspect it is also mentionable that it is due to the breach of duty on the part of Brett which lead, to injury of the fracture on Annies lower ba ck that required surgery which reflects the occurrence of damage. On the basis of the above discussed aspects on proving the discussed actions the legal remedies primarily available to the plaintiff i.e. Annie is award for the damages. To get in depth of the matter it can be noticed that Annie had experienced personal injuries which includes both pecuniary and non-pecuniary losses[11]. Pecuniary damage is calculable in monetary terms. Here it is mentionable here that Annie had to loss her part-time job at Safeway for a minimum period of six months and the lower back fracture required surgery. The combination of the above discussed aspects lead to pecuniary damage on the part of Annie. Due to the injury she had to suffer from pain and loss which can be considered as non-pecuniary losses. As a result of the non-pecuniary damages experienced on the part of Annie the remedy entitled to her under the law is medical and other expenses. Due to the financial loss she is entitled to other remedies like social security benefits. However, in the particular case, there are certain aspects on the basis of which the defendant i.e. Brett may raise defenses to Annies action that is required to be established on the balance of probabilities. The defenses in this case are contributory negligence and voluntary assumption of risk. In the case of Brett contributory negligence is applicable. In this context it is mentionable here that contributory negligence refers to the failure by the plaintiff in taking reasonable care for the purpose of avoiding the injury[12]. The facts available in the particular case state that, other visitors were able to avoid the risk, wherein during the time of injury, Annie was intoxicated. Hence, under contributory negligence if Brett puts forward his defenses, then under Section 47 of Civil Liability Act 2003 if it is established in the court that during the particular incident the plaintiff was intoxicated as in case of Annie, it will result in presuming contributory negligence wherein th e award of damages to the plaintiff will be reduced by 25% or more if the court thinks it to be apt. Likelihood of the Proof of Action Thus on the basis of the above made discussion of the case of Brett, it is observed that the three elements associated with tort of negligence i.e. damages, duty of care and breach of duty of care can be established on the part of Annie which entitles her to the remedies associated with it which is primarily monetary in nature. However, as she was intoxicated during the occurrence of the incident under contributory negligence, Brett can raise defenses to the actions of Annie the establishment of which would help in reducing the payable damages on his part. References "Standard Of Proof" In Most Personal Injury And Other Civil Cases(2010) tlgattorneys https://www.tlgattorneys.com/news-resources/standard-of-proof-in-most-personal-injury-and-other-civil-cases/ Breach Of Duty In Negligence Liability(2007) E-lawresources.co.uk https://e-lawresources.co.uk/Breach-of-duty.php Civil Liability Act 2003(2016) legislation.qld.gov.au https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/CURRENT/C/CivilLiabA03.pdf Connolly, Ursula,Tort(Round Hall / Thomson Reuters, 1st ed, 2009) Corbett, Val,Tort(Thomson Round Hall, 1st ed, 2009) Cornford, Tom,Towards A Public Law Of Tort(Ashgate, 1st ed, 2008) Magnus, Ulrich and M Martin-Casals,Unification Of Tort Law(Kluwer Law International, 4th ed, 2007) Oliphant, Ken, "I. Introduction: European Tort Law 2012" (2013) 2European Tort Law Yearbook Remedies For Negligence(2012) Kfknowledgebank.kaplan.co.uk https://kfknowledgebank.kaplan.co.uk/KFKB/Wiki%20Pages/Remedy%20for%20negligence.aspx Shapo, Marshall S and Marshall S Shapo,Principles Of Tort Law(Thomson/West, 7th ed, 2008) Tayfoor, Susan,Tort(Sweet Maxwell, 1st ed, 1995) Wyong Shire Council V Shirt [1980] HCA 12(2007) peterogrady.com.au https://peterogrady.com.au/1980/05/01/1980-wyong-shire-council-v-shirt/

The Constitution Essays (645 words) - Religion And Politics

The Constitution A case for the connection of America's colonial and revolutionary religious and political experiences to the basic principles of the Constitution can be readily made. One point in favor of this conclusion is the fact that most Americans at that time had little beside their experiences on which to base their political ideas. This is due to the lack of advanced schooling among common Americans at that time. Other points also concur with the main idea and make the theory of the connection plausible. Much evidence to support this claim can be found in the wording of the Constitution itself. Even the Preamble has an important idea that arose from the Revolutionary period. The first line of the Preamble states, We the People of the United States... ." This implies that the new government that was being formed derived its sovereignty from the people, which would serve to prevent it from becoming corrupt and disinterested in the people, as the framers believed Britain's government had become. If the Bill of Rights is considered, more supporting ideas become evident. The First Amendment's guarantee of religious freedom could have been influenced by the colonial tradition of relative religious freedom. This tradition was clear even in the early colonies, like Plymouth, which was formed by Puritan dissenters from England seeking religious freedom. Roger Williams, the proprietor of Rhode Island, probably made an even larger contribution to this tradition by advocating and allowing comple te religious freedom. William Penn also contributed to this idea in Pennsylvania, where the Quakers were tolerant of other denominations. In addition to the tradition of religious tolerance in the colonies, there was a tradition of self-government and popular involvement in government. Nearly every colony had a government with elected representatives in a legislature, which usually made laws largely without interference from Parliament or the king. Jamestown, the earliest of the colonies, had an assembly, the House of Burgesses, which was elected by the property owners of the colony. Maryland developed a system of government much like Britain's, with a representative assembly, the House of Delegates, and the governor sharing power. The Puritan colony in Massachusetts originally had a government similar to a corporate board of directors with the first eight stockholders, called freemen" holding power. Later, the definition of freemen" grew to include all male citizens, and the people were given a strong voice in their own government. This tradition of religious and political autonomy continued into the revolutionary period. In 1765, the colonists convened the Stamp Act Congress, which formed partly because the colonists believed that the government was interfering too greatly with the colonies' right to self-government. Nine colonies were represented in this assembly. The Sons of Liberty also protested what they perceived to be excessive interference in local affairs by Parliament, terrorizing British officials in charge of selling the hated stamps. Events like these served to strengthen the tradition of self-government that had become so deeply embedded in American society. The from of government specified by the Constitution seems to be a continuation of this tradition. First, the Constitution specifies a federal system of government, which gives each individual state the right to a government. Second, it specifies that each state shall be represented in both houses of Congress. The lower house, the House of Representative, furthermore, is to be directly elected by the people. If the Bill of Rights is considered, the religious aspect of the tradition becomes apparent. The First Amendment states, "Congress may make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof... ," showing that, unlike the British government, the new US government had no intention of naming or supporting a state church or suppressing any religious denominations. In conclusion, the Constitution's basic principles are directly related to the long tradition of self-rule and religious tolerance in colonial and revolutionary America.